Thousands of fires in hotspots in Indonesia have been linked to consumer goods companies Unilever, Mondelez, Nestle and Procter & Gamble (P&G), and major palm oil traders including Wilmar, through analysis by Greenpeace International. The companies are even buying from individual palm oil concessions under public investigation for illegal fires.

Effects of the fires and smoke haze in 2019 include acute respiratory infections suffered by more than 900,000 people across the country, and nearly 10 million children who are at risk of lifelong physical and cognitive damages due to air pollution.
From 1 January to 22 October 2019, the fires released an estimated 465 megatonnes of CO2, which is close to the UK’s total annual greenhouse gas emissions.